It has been estimated that in the first five years after IPR was created, IPR has helped patent owners and accused infringers avoid at least $2.31 billion in deadweight losses by providing an efficient system for challenging patents. IPR has proven much less expensive than district court litigation. The average cost of IPR through a PTAB hearing is $275,000 — far less than the $600,000 to $5 million cost of district-court litigation